Difference between revisions of "Vaccines and Autism"

Vaccines and Autism (view source)

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Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Suppressors, Administrators

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 == Timeline of events ==
-*1988 – MMR introduced in UK, for the first time boys are immunised against rubella, there is a chance of getting wider measles vaccine coverage and mumps vaccination is included for the first time.
+*1988
-*1993 onwards – Andrew Wakefield proposes measles jab causes Crohn’s disease, this is later disproved.
-*1995 – Uptake rate of vaccine is 95% enough for herd immunity for mumps, measles and rubella.
+The MMR vaccine – which acts against measles, mumps and rubella – is introduced in the UK. It has been used in the US since 1971
-*1998 – Andrew Wakefield suggests MMR and autism link at press briefing to launch research published in the Lancet
-*1998 – 14 year study suggests no problems with MMR vaccine published in Lancet.
+*1993 onwards
-*1999 – Research published in the Lancet from the Royal Free, where Wakefield did his research, finds no evidence for MMR and autism link.
-*2000 – Andrew Wakefield and John O’Leary present evidence to US congress suggesting link between MMR and autism.
+The gastroenterologist Dr Andrew Wakefield, then of London's Royal Free hospital, proposes measles jab causes Crohn's disease
-*2000 – Another large scale study suggests benefits of MMR vastly outweigh risks.
-*2001 – BMJ study using GP Research Database suggests no link between MMR and autism.
+*1995
-*2001 – Andrew Wakefield resigns from the Royal Free and University College Medical School
-*2002 – John O’Leary and colleagues suggest measles are present in guts of patients with austim in a paper in the Journal of Clinical Pathology: Molecular pathology. Scientists question methods and later a US legal case says methods unreliable.
+Uptake rate of MMR vaccine peaks at 92%
-*2002-2004 – A large number of scientific studies find no link between MMR and autism including research published in British Medical Journal, New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics and Lancet
-*2004 – 10 co-authors on the 1998 Wakefield Lancet paper issue a retraction and editor of the Lancet says, with hindsight, they shouldn’t have published the paper.
+*February 1998
-*2004-2005 – Uptake of MMR vaccine falls to 81%.
-*2005 – Large scale Japanese study shows MMR not linked to autism; Japan withdrew MMR and cases of autism continue to increase.
+Wakefield suggests a link between the MMR vaccine and an increased risk of autism and bowel disorders. He says his team have found a "genuinely new syndrome" and suggest the combination might be overpowering the body's immune system.
-*2005-2006 Uptake of MMR vaccine at 84%.
-*April 2006 - 13 year old boy becomes the first person in the UK to die from measles in 14 years.
+*March 1998
-*June 2006 - It is announced that Andrew Wakefield is to face the General Medical Council over charges of professional misconduct.
-*2007 - Uptake of MMR vaccine increased to 85%. Department of Health would like the vaccine uptake to rise to 95% – a level that would give herd immunity.
+The Medical Research Council says there is no evidence showing a link between the MMR jab and bowel disease or autism
-*July 2007 - GMC starts hearings against Wakefield and two of his colleagues.
-*January 2010 - GMC issues preliminary verdicts and finds Wakefield to have been 'irresponsible' in conducting unnecessary and invasive tests on children. The Lancet retracts Wakefield's original paper a couple of days later.
+*April 1998
-*May 2010 - Wakefield is found guilty of serious professional misconduct and is struck off the medical register.
+Finnish scientists find no danger associated with the MMR vaccine, after a 14-year study
+*1999
+Research published in the Lancet from the Royal Free Hospital, where Wakefield did his research, finds no evidence for MMR and autism link
+*April 2000
+Wakefield and the pathologist Prof John O'Leary, of Coombe Women's hospital in Dublin, present research to the US Congress. Their study shows that tests on 25 children with autism reveal 24 had traces of the measles virus in their gut. The Department of Health says the findings prove nothing.
+*2001
+Andrew Wakefield resigns from the Royal Free and University College Medical School
+*January 2001
+The Daily Mail and other papers launch campaigns backing Wakefield
+*December 2001
+Then prime minster Tony Blair refuses to reveal whether his son Leo has been given the MMR vaccine. Seven years later, Cherie Blair reveals that Leo was given the vaccine
+*February 2001
+A study by the British Medical Journal finds that autism has continued to rise despite MMR administration being static
+*December 2001
+A review of previous research, conducted by the MRC, finds no link between the vaccine and autistic spectrum disorders
+*February 2002
+Wakefield and O'Leary publish a paper in the journal Molecular Pathology, that suggests a link between the measles virus and bowel disease in children with developmental disorders
+*2002-2004
+A large number of scientific studies find no link between MMR and autism including research published in British Medical Journal, New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics and Lancet
+*February 2004
+An investigation by journalist Brian Deer for The Sunday Times exposes the flawed scientific basis for Wakefield's claims, and reveals conflicts of interest which suggest Wakefield could have profited financially by the scare
+*March 2004
+Ten co-authors on the 1998 Wakefield Lancet paper issue a retraction and editor of the Lancet says, with hindsight, they shouldn't have published the paper
+*2004-2005
+Uptake of MMR vaccine falls to 81%
+*March 2005
+Japanese scientists say the MMR vaccination is unlikely to be linked to an increase in autism after they find a rise in the condition following the withdrawal of the MMR jab in that country in 1993
+*2005-2006
+Uptake of MMR vaccine at 84%
+*April 2006
+A 13-year-old boy becomes the first person in the UK to die from measles in 14 years
+*May 2006
+US scientists report they have found the measles virus in the guts of autistic children with bowel disease. The research leader, Dr Stephen Walker, adds that the finding does not show that the MMR vaccine caused the condition.
+*June 2006
+Announced that Wakefield is to face the General Medical Council over charges of professional misconduct
+*2007
+Uptake of MMR vaccine increases to 85%. Department of Health says it would like the vaccine uptake to rise to 95% – a level that would give "herd immunity".
+*February 2008
+A team from London's Guy's and St Thomas's hospitals study the immune responses from the MMR jab in 240 children, and find no evidence to link it to autism
+*November 2008
+The Health Protection Agency warns of a measles "epidemic" after cases of the disease exceed 1,000 for the first time in a decade. The agency reports 1,049 confirmed cases in England and Wales during the first 10 months of this year, the highest total since 1995. Dr Mary Ramsay, an immunisation expert at the agency, puts the problem down to "relatively low uptake" of the triple vaccine. She adds there is now a "real risk of a large measles epidemic".
+*January 2010
+The GMC rules that Wakefield "failed in his duties as a responsible consultant" and showed a "callous disregard" for the suffering of children involved in his research. It also found that he acted dishonestly.